All submitted manuscripts must be entirely free from plagiarism, falsification, fabrication, or omission of critical material. Submissions must exhibit an overall similarity index of less than 20%. Authors are required to cite all external thoughts and work explicitly, even when paraphrased. Pre-screening is executed upon receipt using detection software including Turnitin, iThenticate, Plagiarism Checker X, and Grammarly.

Definition & Verbatim Material Rules

Plagiarism involves the "use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's original work." All submissions must be novel, unpublished, and not under concurrent consideration elsewhere.

Plagiarism Severity Levels & Actions

Measures enforced by the Editorial Board based on detection thresholds:

Special Policies: Self-Plagiarism & Collective Liability

• Collective Responsibility: By completing the Submission Checklist, all authors accept collective liability. If a penalty is enforced, it applies equally to every co-author listed on the paper.
• Repeat Infractions: A second identified occurrence by the same author(s) may result in an indefinite (permanent) submission ban across the journal.
• Concurrent Submissions: Simultaneous submission of manuscripts sharing significant overlap (≥ 50%) with another outlet is treated as Severe Plagiarism. Both journal editors will be alerted.
• Self-Plagiarism Evaluation: Reusing between 10%–50% of the author's previous work without clearance constitutes intermediate plagiarism. Minor overlap confined strictly to the research methodology section will be evaluated as minor plagiarism.
• Proceedings & Translations: Previously published conference proceedings or translated versions require full bibliographic disclosure, copyright permission, and editorial sanction prior to review.